(i) Electric vehicles offer several benefits such as lower running costs due to cheaper electricity, reduced maintenance because of fewer moving parts, and lower noise pollution in cities, making them environmentally friendly and economical for users.
(ii) (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(iii) Despite government subsidies and tax benefits, the initial purchase cost of EVs is still high, which makes it difficult for many consumers to afford them.
(iv) The silent operation of EVs contributes to better urban living because it reduces noise pollution in urban areas.
(v) The statement suggests that the EV market in India is growing rapidly and adoption of electric vehicles is increasing significantly.
(vi) Range anxiety refers to the fear of an EV user that the vehicle’s battery may run out of charge before reaching a charging station or destination.
(vii) Two-wheelers dominated EV sales in India in 2023.
(viii) To address the challenge of charging infrastructure, initiatives such as battery swapping technology are being explored.
(ix) One reason is the limited availability of public charging stations, especially in semi-urban and rural areas.
(i) Electric vehicles offer multiple benefits in India. Support the statement.
Answer: Electric vehicles provide several benefits such as lower running costs due to cheaper electricity, reduced maintenance because of fewer moving parts, and lower noise pollution in urban areas.
Explanation:
Paragraph 2 clearly states that EVs reduce running and maintenance costs and also help in lowering noise pollution, making them beneficial for both users and the environment.
(ii) Assertion–Reason
Answer: (A) Both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation:
Paragraph 1 says EVs are gaining traction in India due to government commitment to reducing carbon emissions, along with other factors like pollution and fuel costs.
(iii) Justify the statement.
Answer: Despite government subsidies and tax benefits, EVs still have a high initial purchase cost, which remains a challenge for consumers.
Explanation:
Paragraph 3 mentions that the initial high purchase cost of EVs is one of the major difficulties faced by buyers.
(iv) Silent operation of EVs contributes to better urban living because —
Answer: it reduces noise pollution in urban areas.
Explanation:
Paragraph 2 specifically states that EVs lower noise pollution in urban areas due to their quiet operation.
(v) Inference from the statement about 1.5 million EV sales in 2023
Answer:
The statement indicates that the EV market in India is growing rapidly and adoption of electric vehicles is increasing significantly.
Explanation: Paragraph 5 highlights that EV sales have steadily increased, showing strong growth in the EV market.
(vi) Meaning of ‘range anxiety’
Answer: Range anxiety refers to the fear that an EV may run out of battery charge before reaching a charging station or destination.
Explanation:
Paragraph 3 mentions fear of running out of charge as a concern among EV users.
(vii) EV type that dominated sales in 2023
Answer: Two-wheelers.
Explanation:
Paragraph 5 clearly states that two-wheelers dominated the sales, followed by three-wheelers and passenger cars.
(viii) Initiative to address charging infrastructure
Answer: battery swapping technology.
Explanation:
Paragraph 4 states that battery swapping technology is being explored as a quick alternative to traditional charging.
(ix) Reason why EV adoption is slow in some parts of India
Answer: Limited availability of public charging stations, especially in semi-urban and rural areas.
Explanation:
Paragraph 3 explains that the lack of charging infrastructure in semi-urban and rural areas remains a major bottleneck.
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